Britain’s manufacturing sector has begun 2026 on a fragile footing, with factories reporting a sharp drop in domestic orders and a surge in operating costs that has forced companies to raise prices at the fastest rate in more than two years.
A new survey from industry body Make UK paints a concerning picture for the sector, warning that demand from UK customers has “collapsed” in the first quarter of the year while confidence among manufacturers has fallen for the third consecutive quarter.
The report highlights mounting pressures facing British factories, including rising energy costs, weak domestic demand and continued uncertainty in global markets. These challenges are now beginning to ripple through production plans, hiring decisions and investment strategies across the industry.
Manufacturers reported that UK orders fell sharply at the start of the year, undermining hopes of a strong rebound following the slowdown seen in late 2025. Although output showed modest improvement compared with the final quarter of last year, the recovery remains fragile and heavily dependent on external conditions.
Fhaheen Khan, senior economist at Make UK, said the sector is navigating a difficult mix of improving output alongside worsening cost pressures and weakening demand.
“While output and investment show some improvement after a challenging end to last year, rising costs and weakening domestic demand are creating real pressures for businesses,” he said. “The outlook for UK manufacturing remains precarious.”
The report also found that firms are increasingly passing higher costs on to customers. A net balance of 31 per cent of manufacturers said they had increased their prices in the first quarter, the highest level recorded since spring 2023.
Energy prices have been a major factor behind the increase in costs. Oil and gas markets have become increasingly volatile following the escalation of conflict in the Middle East, pushing up fuel prices and raising concerns about inflation across advanced economies.
The global benchmark for oil, Brent crude, surged to as high as $118 per barrel last week as tensions intensified in the Gulf and tanker traffic through the strategically important Strait of Hormuz was disrupted. Although prices have since eased, they remain significantly higher than the $60 to $70 range that prevailed before the conflict escalated.
By the end of official trading last week, Brent crude was still priced above $103 per barrel. Oil markets have swung dramatically in recent weeks as traders attempt to gauge the scale and duration of the conflict and whether energy shipments through the Gulf will resume at normal levels.
The shock to global energy markets has already begun to influence economic expectations in the UK. Investors who previously anticipated a series of interest rate cuts this year are now revising their forecasts, believing that higher energy costs could push inflation higher again.
The Bank of England is widely expected to leave its base rate unchanged at 3.75 per cent at its upcoming policy meeting, reversing earlier market expectations that borrowing costs might begin falling this spring.
Rising government borrowing costs also illustrate the shift in sentiment. The yield on the benchmark ten-year UK government bond has climbed to about 4.82 per cent, reflecting investors’ concerns that inflationary pressures may persist for longer than previously expected.
Manufacturers say the combination of weakening demand and rising costs is particularly concerning because it threatens both profitability and investment decisions. Recruitment across the sector has also fallen short of expectations, with many firms choosing to delay hiring as economic uncertainty intensifies.
Although manufacturing represents around 9 per cent of the UK’s gross domestic product, its importance to the wider economy is far greater. The sector accounts for roughly 34 per cent of the country’s exports and nearly half of total research and development spending.
As a result, weakness in manufacturing often signals broader economic challenges ahead.
Recent data from the Office for National Statistics showed that the UK economy stalled in January, recording zero growth for the month. Economists had expected a modest expansion, making the result an early indication that momentum was already fading before global tensions intensified.
Manufacturers say the coming months will be critical in determining whether the sector stabilises or enters a deeper slowdown. Much will depend on energy prices, interest rate expectations and the resilience of export demand.
Some governments have already begun taking action to cushion the impact of higher oil prices. Japan announced plans to release about 80 million barrels of crude from its strategic reserves, roughly 45 days of supply, in an effort to stabilise domestic fuel costs.
For UK manufacturers, however, the immediate outlook remains uncertain. While production levels have improved slightly from the slump seen at the end of last year, companies warn that a sustained rise in energy prices or a prolonged slowdown in domestic demand could quickly derail any recovery.
Industry leaders say the sector now faces a delicate balancing act: maintaining output and investment while navigating an environment of volatile costs, fragile confidence and slowing economic growth.
Read more:
UK factories hit by ‘collapse’ in orders as costs surge across manufacturing sector